柑橘皮渣中功能性物质综合利用研究

以探讨柑橘水果深加工利用产业为目的,总结了柑橘皮渣中香精油、类胡萝卜素、橙皮苷和果胶等天然产物的功能和用途,分析了现有的香精油类、胡萝卜素、橙皮苷和果胶的提取工艺,结合传统和新兴水果加工技术,提出了柑橘皮渣综合利用途径和模式,对其他果蔬业具有参考价值。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

大豆根边缘细胞的发育及其影响因子

根边缘细胞是由根冠游离并大量积累在根尖上的一群细胞,具有保护根尖免受生物和非生物的胁迫的作用。本文研究结果表明大豆（8157毛豆）根边缘细胞(BC)游离发育的启动与初生根发育几乎同步,并且在初生根长至15 mm时,BC的数目达到最大值,约5 300个左右。与25℃、35℃相比,15℃低温更容易对初生根生长及BC的发育产生胁迫作     

胡萝卜肉质根发育期间果胶的组成与变化

以国内具有代表性的5个胡萝卜品种为试材, 研究其肉质根发育期(播种后60～100 d) 果胶的组成及变化规律, 为胡萝卜品质育种和综合利用果胶含量较高的品种提供参考依据。结果表明: 5个胡萝卜品种的水溶性果胶(WSP) 、草酸溶性果胶(OSP) 、总果胶( TP) 含量均随肉质根的发育呈上升趋势, 酸溶性果胶(ASP) 含量因品种不同呈上升趋势或无显著性变化。在肉质根发育期间, 5个品种的果胶均以ASP为主, 占TP的75.2%～91.3%; 其次是OSP, 占TP 5.8% ～17.9%; 再次是WSP, 占2.9%～8.9%。至收获时, 橘红一号的TP含量最高, 达到12.585 mg/g, 其它4个品种的TP含量没有显著性差异,5个品种在果胶组成与含量和硬度的关系方面均未表现出相关性。     

用桑枝皮提取果胶及制备的纳米纤维素晶须在丝素复合膜中的应用

为高效利用蚕桑资源,以桑叶生产中废弃的桑枝皮为原料,提取果胶并制备纳米级纤维素晶须。研究表明,用0.10mol/L盐酸提取桑枝皮中的果胶,得率最高可达30.1%±1.2%,红外光谱图显示其主要成分为糖醛酸,且不同浓度盐酸处理可提取不同酯化度的果胶;经碱煮后的桑枝皮中的半纤维素和木质素被去除,主要成分为纤维素,再经硫酸水解制备获得长约400 nm、直径约20 nm的纤维素晶须。将桑枝皮纳米纤维素晶须与废弃蚕丝的溶液相混合制备丝素蛋白复合膜,因桑枝皮纤维素晶须与丝素蛋白间具有良好的相容性,故复合膜的强度和弹性模量显著提高,其拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别为35.79MPa和2.10 GPa。初步认为,利用桑枝皮提取果胶和制备纳米纤维素晶须,可以作为提高蚕桑资源利用率与增加桑园产值的途径之一。     

超声辅助去除烟草薄片烟梗中果胶的方法研究

[目的]研究去除烟梗中果胶的有效方法,以降低烟梗中果胶含量,改善烟草薄片吸味。[方法]以草酸铵溶液作为浸提液,在超声辅助作用下,研究溶液浓度、超声功率、料液比以及提取总时间对烟梗中果胶去除率的影响,并采用L9（34）正交试验进行优化。[结果]最终选定草酸铵浸提液浓度为1.2%,超声功率300W,料液比1∶15,超声提取总时间50min为最优条件,为了能应用于工业生产,研究表明用浓度为0.12%的EDTA络合自来水替代蒸馏水配制草酸铵溶液作为浸提液溶剂去除果胶具有同样的效果。[结论]优化得到超声辅助下草酸铵溶液浸提去除烟梗中果胶的方法,该法能有效地降低烟梗中的果胶含量,为改善烟草薄片吸味质量奠定了应用基础。     

酸法水解提取西瓜皮中果胶工艺研究

[目的]获得西瓜皮中果胶提取的最佳工艺条件,为西瓜皮功能成分的利用提供技术支持。[方法]以西瓜皮为原料,采取酸法水解,对果胶制备的工艺条件进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9（34）正交试验确定西瓜皮中果胶提取的最佳工艺条件。[结果]西瓜皮中果胶提取最佳工艺条件为：水解时间60 min,水解温度85℃,水解酸度（pH）为2.5,料液比1∶10,按照此条件进行3次提取,测得西瓜皮中果胶的平均产率为13.3%。[结论]研究提高了西瓜深加工产品的附加值,对农业资源综合利用和降低环境污染具有重要意义。     

红枣中果胶类物质测定方法的研究

介绍了采用咔唑硫酸分光光度法测定红枣中果胶含量。通过实验获得了较佳的测定条件:浓硫酸用量12 mL,水解温度为85~90℃,水解时间为20 m in,1.5 g/mL咔唑乙醇溶液用量为1 mL,显色温度为25℃左右,显色时间为30 m in。其相应测定波长为530 nm,平均回收率为98.4%~102.15%,相对标准偏差为0.0432%,测定红枣果胶含量为2.76%。本方法简单准确,显色稳定,灵敏度高,重现性好,可作为红枣果胶含量的测定方法。     

大白菜果胶甲酯酶基因BrPME1的克隆及特征分析

 【目的】克隆大白菜果胶甲酯酶基因,为进一步探讨果胶代谢在大白菜育性调控中的分子机制提供帮助。【方法】利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析大白菜核雄性不育两用系‘AB02’可育株(msms)和不育株(Msms)花蕾的基因表达谱,在可育株混合花蕾cDNA中扩增出1条特异条带TDF-24,通过RACE技术扩增该基因的cDNA全长序列,采用生物信息学软件分析所克隆基因的编码蛋白特性,利用荧光定量PCR技术分析基因时空表达模式。【结果】该基因编码大白菜果胶甲酯酶(EC 3.1.1.11),被命名为BrPME1(GenBank登录号：HM185497)。BrPME1全长cDNA序列为1 290 bp,编码1个包含363个氨基酸的前体蛋白。BrPME1蛋白N末端1—23位为信号肽,成熟蛋白含有保守的果胶甲酯酶酶活结构域,而不含酶活抑制位点。预测BrPME1蛋白含有10个磷酸化位点、1个酰胺化位点和6个N端豆蔻酰基化位点。BrPME1在两用系不育株花蕾中表达量很低,在可育株的大花蕾以及成熟花药中高水平表达。【结论】BrPME1是一个受大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因抑制的果胶甲酯酶基因家族成员。